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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Water potential ： ウィキペディア英語版 Water potential Water potential is the potential energy of water per unit volume relative to pure water in reference conditions. Water potential quantifies the tendency of water to move from one area to another due to osmosis, gravity, mechanical pressure, or matrix effects such as capillary action (which is caused by surface tension). Water potential has proved especially useful in understanding water movement within plants, animals, and soil. Water potential is typically expressed in potential energy per unit volume and very often is represented by the Greek letter $\backslash Psi$. Water potential integrates a variety of different potential drivers of water movement, which may operate in the same or different directions. Within complex biological systems, it is common for many potential factors to be important. For example, the addition of solutes to water lowers the water's potential (makes it more negative), just as the increase in pressure increases its potential (makes it more positive). If there is no restriction on flow, water will move from an area of higher water potential to an area that has a lower water potential. One very common example is water that contains a dissolved salt, like sea water or the solution within living cells. These solutions typically have negative water potentials, relative to the pure water reference. If there is no restriction on flow, water molecules will proceed from the locus of pure water to the more negative water potential of the solution; flow proceeds until the difference in solute potential is balanced by another force, for example, pressure potential. ==Components of water potential== Many different factors may affect the total water potential, and the sum of these potentials determines the overall water potential and the direction of water flow: :$\backslash Psi\; =\; \backslash Psi\_0\; +\; \backslash Psi\_\backslash pi\; +\; \backslash Psi\_p\; +\; \backslash Psi\_s\; +\; \backslash Psi\_v\; +\; \backslash Psi\_m$ where: *$\backslash Psi\_0$ is the reference correction, *$\backslash Psi\_\backslash pi$ is the solute or osmotic potential, *$\backslash Psi\_p$ is the pressure component, *$\backslash Psi\_s$ is the gravimetric component, *$\backslash Psi\_v$ is the potential due to humidity, and *$\backslash Psi\_m$ is the potential due to matrix effects (e.g., fluid cohesion and surface tension.) All of these factors are quantified as potential energies per unit volume, and different subsets of these terms may be used for particular applications (e.g., plants or soils). Different conditions are also defined as reference depending on the application: for example, in soils, the reference condition is typically defined as pure water at the soil surface. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Water potential」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.